Measuring Uncertainty and Its Effects in the COVID-19 Era
نویسندگان
چکیده
We measure the effects of COVID-19 outbreak on uncertainty, and we assess consequences uncertainty for key economic variables. use a large, heteroskedastic vector autoregression (VAR) in which error volatilities share two common factors, interpreted as macro financial uncertainty. Macro are allowed to contemporaneously affect macroeconomy conditions, with changes component providing contemporaneous identifying information The model includes additional latent volatility states order accommodate outliers volatility, reduce influence extreme observations from COVID period. Our estimates yield large increases macroeconomic since onset These have contributed downturn but contributions small compared overall movements many indicators. That implies that is driven more by other dimensions crisis than shocks aggregate (as measured our method).
منابع مشابه
the survey of the virtual higher education in iran and the ways of its development and improvement
این پژوهش با هدف "بررسی وضعیت موجود آموزش عالی مجازی در ایران و راههای توسعه و ارتقای آن " و با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و پیمایشی صورت پذیرفته است. بررسی اسنادو مدارک موجود در زمینه آموزش مجازی نشان داد تعداد دانشجویان و مقاطع تحصیلی و رشته محل های دوره های الکترونیکی چندان مطلوب نبوده و از نظر کیفی نیز وضعیت شاخص خدمات آموزشی اساتید و وضعیت شبکه اینترنت در محیط آموزش مجازی نامطلوب است.
Designing, implementing, and evaluating an introductory course on virtual learning in the Covid-19 pandemic era
Background & Objective: The sudden outbreak of Covid-19 affected the educational systems worldwide and highlighted the necessity of students' virtual education. Therefore, the present study aimed to compile, implement, and evaluate an introductory course on virtual learning for medical students. Materials & Methods: The present scholarly research was conducted in four stages: 1) needs assessme...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Working paper
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2381-6287']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202032r